upper reference value of picks the high value of the reference range, if there is one for that attribute. For example, given the following case fragment:

Cholesterol    [0, 5.5]      7.3    5.6    6.1*
Triglyceride   [0, 1.8]      0.8    1.1    1.8
HDL            [0.9, 3.5]    2.2           0.5*

Cholesterol > 1.1 * upper reference value of Cholesterol

See also: lower reference value of